Arrowhead Pea
1. Botany characteristics
Arrow pea (Vicia sativa L.) belongs to the leguminosae (Legumimosae) pea genus (Vicia), a cut and cultivated species. The stems are soft, inclined or climbing, with ridges, multi-skills, 60-200cm long. Pinnate compound leaves, with 8-16 small leaves; 1-3 flowers, purple or red. The pods are strip-shaped, the seeds are spherical or slightly flat, and the thousand-grain weight of the seeds is 18-21g.
2. Biological characteristics
Arrowhead pea likes to be cool in nature, and has strong cold resistance, which has a wide range of responses. It starts to germinate at 2°C-3°C. The seedling stage can tolerate the spring cold of -6°C, and the minimum survival temperature is 120°C. Drought tolerance is very strong. The soil is very dry, but the arrow pea can still maintain its vitality. Farrow pea does not have strict requirements on the soil, and ordinary soil can be used. It is thinner than ordinary pea, and can grow on wasteland. It is a good pioneer crop. The growth period of different varieties of arrow pea is different under different natural conditions. In Liangshan Prefecture, the growth period is about 100-120 days; the growth period of spring sowing is shorter, and the growth period of autumn sowing is longer. The seedling stage grows slowly, and it grows rapidly at the beginning of the gestation bud stage. The growth rate is positively correlated with temperature before the flowering period, and after the flowering period is related to the characteristics of the variety.
Three, the key points of cultivation techniques
1. Preparation before planting
Fine land preparation, 1500 kg of organic fertilizer and 10-15 kg of superphosphate per mu are used as base fertilizer.
2. Fertilization
The requirements for soil and fertilizer are not strict. When conditions permit, some phosphate fertilizers should be used as base fertilizer.
3. Sowing
(1) Sowing period: in the northern region, it can be sown from spring to autumn (no later than early August). Generally, it is better to sow in early April. In summer, you should strive for early sowing, especially in areas with lower temperatures ( The average temperature in October is lower than 7°C). Early sowing is the key to high yield. In southern regions, sowing can be done all year round for harvesting. Autumn sowing does not retreat in October, and spring sowing should not be later than February.
(2) Sown amount: 4-6 kilograms per mu of forage grass; 1-4 kilograms per seed field. It can also be mixed with gramineous forages at a ratio of 2:1 or 3:1;
(3) Sowing method: The mowing grass should be sowed in a row, with a row spacing of 30-45cm; the harvesting field should be sowed in a row with a row spacing of 60cm; a large area is broadcast and sowed.
(4) Sowing depth: Pea is a large seed, sowing depth is generally 4-6cm, suppressed after sowing.
4. Field management arrows
The management of pea after emergence is simple. In northern irrigation areas, attention should be paid to the water supply during the peak and pod-setting period. At this time, soil moisture has a greater impact on seed yield. Attention should be paid to drainage during the rainy season in the south.
5. Fresh grass and seeds are harvested in the gestation bud stage or the first flowering stage, when the fresh grass is cut, the nutritional value is the best at this time. Arrow pea seeds are easy to fry the pods when they mature, and they can be harvested in the morning when 70% of the pods turn yellow-brown.
4. Feeding value
According to the measurement, pea hay contains 16.14% crude protein, 3.32% crude fat, 25.17% crude fiber, 42.29% nitrogen-free extract, 2.0% calcium, and 0.25% phosphorus. The seed contains 30.35% crude protein, which is a diet. , Feed and forage are both used as materials, which grow luxuriantly and produce high yields. Generally, it produces 1,000-2,000 kilograms of fresh grass per hectare, up to 3,000 kilograms per hectare, and 100-150 kilograms of seeds per metric ton, and high yield can reach more than 250 kilograms. The dry rate of fresh grass is 22%, and the amount of leaves accounts for 51.3%. The stems and leaves are tender, rich in nutrients, and have good palatability. Horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, pigs, and poultry are all fond of food. The mixed sowing of arrowhead peas and green oats, harvesting and storing mixed green hay, increases the yield by 43.3% compared with green oats unicasting, and the protein content of mixed green hay is 4.0% higher than that of green oats. It is to increase winter and spring hay storage, improve hay quality, and improve The effective way of winter and spring livestock nutrition level can be promoted vigorously in green oat growing areas.
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